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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data at the 2nd interim analysis

From: Bilateral posterior Quadratus Lumborum block for pain relief after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial

Data IT morphine (n = 20) IT morphine with QLB (n = 18) QLB (n = 20) p-value
Age (yr) 32.25 ± 5.26 31.06 ± 6.58 32.70 ± 6.70 0.705
Body mass index (kg/m2) 27.90 ± 2.98 28.92 ± 4.05 28.17 ± 4.15 0.694
Operation     0.806
 C/S 16 (80.0%) 13 (72.2%) 16 (80.0%)  
 C/S with TS 4 (20.0%) 5 (27.8%) 4 (20.0%)  
Operative time (min) 57.75 ± 16.18 60.28 ± 17.94 68.50 ± 15.82 0.113
Total morphine in 24 h (mg) 5.5 (0–25) 5.0 (0–36) 17.5 (1–40) < 0.001
Pruritus     0.007
 0 9 (45.0%) 15 (83.3%) 20 (100%)  
 1 8 (40.0%) 2 (11.1%) 0 (0.0%)  
 2 2 (10.0%) 1 (5.6%) 0 (0.0%)  
 3 1 (5.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)  
PONV     0.380
 0 19 (95.0%) 18 (100%) 20 (100%)  
 1 1 (5.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)  
  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, number and percentage, or median and range (min, max). A p-value< 0.05 indicates statistical significance.
  2. Abbreviations: IT intrathecal, QLB quadratus lumborum block, C/S cesarean section, TS tubal sterilization, PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting
  3. Group QLB had significantly higher morphine consumption in 24 h than both IT (p = 0.003) and IT + QLB (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in morphine consumption between IT and IT + QLB (p = 1.000).
  4. Group IT had a significantly higher number of patients with pruritus than both IT + QLB (p = 0.020) and QLB (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pruritus between IT + QLB and QLB (p = 0.480).
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